Adverse Effects of Gambling
In recent decades, there has been the growth of legal gambling in the United States, which has been largely accelerated by public acceptance as recreation and the promise of economic benefit and tax revenue to the government and communities in which gambling occurs. Legalized gambling has caused recreation economic benefits to various communities, and on the contrary, gambling has also caused economic and social costs. The most important question is: what is the bigger impact, positive or negative, on the point of view? To clearly address this policy issue, there should be a consideration of the economic and social costs of pathological gambling.
There have been benefits that have been produced in different reports, such as, increased employment and income, increased tax revenues, improved tourism and recreational opportunities, and rising property values (Eadington, 1984; Filby and Harvey, 1988; Chadbourne et al., 1997, Oddo 1997).
Gambling has also caused economic and social costs for many individuals and families, as well as communities. Such problems include, but may not be limited to, the demand for more public infrastructure (roads, schools, police, fire protection, etc.), traffic congestion, environmental effects, increased crime, displacement of residents, and pathological problems. Increased bankruptcy and bad debts have been witnessed, which has resulted in increased credit toward the economy.
The benefits that have been produced in different reports are; increased employment and income, increased tax revenues. In addition, it improves tourism and recreational opportunities. Rising property values (Eadington, 1984; Filby and Harvey, 1988; Chadbourne et al., 1997, Oddo 1997).
Social& Economic Effects
The social and economic effects of gambling can be difficult to measure. But we can also categorize this under the benefit-cost analysis. This applies to intangible social costs, for instance, emotional and psychological trauma and other losses experienced by some family members who are considered to be pathological gamblers.
The fundamental benefit-versus-cost analysis question should be considered for any type of gambling. They should prioritize economic factors such as real costs versus economic transfers, intangible, and tangible effects, direct and indirect effects, and present and future benefits.
Costs to individuals
Most individuals who gamble eventually suffer from pathological problems. These are adverse consequences to the individual. Such as getting involved in crime, financial difficulties, and disruptions of interpersonal relations.
A pathological gambler may be and often is defined by at least a few of these consequences (American Psychiatric Association 1994). They extended the effects of a pathological gambler to his or her close associates, friends, and family. The literature on a pathological gambler focuses primarily on key areas for example; crime, financial difficulties, and disruptions of interpersonal relations.
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Financial Problems and Crime
Gamblers’ disorders cause an immediate and interesting cost to the gamblers. Since access to finance becomes limited. Most of these gamblers often resort to crimes in order to cater to their debts, pay bills, appease bookies, and maintain appearances.
Statistics have shown that gamblers end up serving prison terms because of engaging themselves in forgery, robbery, embezzlement, and blackmail.
When gambling was established in communities that faced high unemployment rates. Youths mostly felt that this would help them earn a living, which sometimes might not be true. Even though there are jobs created for a section of these people, However, others also suffer.
Blaszczynski and Silove (1996) realized that adolescent gamblers are more used to criminal behaviour compared to adult gamblers. The reason is obvious; For example, youths have limited options for generating income and are susceptible to peer pressure among their fellow youths who are gambling.
Most gamblers use their wages to finance their gambling behavior.
They also borrow from friends and relatives.
Obtain loans from banks and financial institutions.
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